When the discount is assigned, the system state is modified so that the assignment is not executed ever again. Take a look at this classic example. Cyclomatic complexity is a software metric used to measure the complexity of a program. In this series of articles we were refactoring one simple e-commerce application. ( Log Out /  The strategy instance is created using an abstract factory instance and the correct factory is picked up using a dictionary based on account type. How would it go if we used a function to calculate a separator? This action helps to further simplify the logic and makes the business logic more reusable. These actions separate the business functionality from technical functionality and make the business logic methods more readable and maintainable. Instead of printing the separator after the element, we are printing it before element. It’s a great explanation Ruwan. As demonstration after demonstration will unfold, we will refactor this entire application, fitting many design patterns into place almost without effort. Many tools are available for determining the complexity of the application. Also I think it will be nice to move switch to separate method since it looks like something witch will be used in many different places. The cyclomatic complexity also affects other software metrics, like code maintainability index. To fix the issue, we will have to change the factory function for the subsequent passes: This time, only the first call to the getSeparator method will return an empty string. ( Log Out /  The problem could be complicated further by dropping the condition that we are printing out the array. 2 answers. It is not required because data that we use in the loop, such as the separator, can be used to piggyback control information, such as the flag used to branch execution. Nicely organized with good scenarios and samples which is easy to understand. you mean to say, This article will be my cheat sheet at code reviews. In the previous article in this series we have discussed use of factory methods in the domain class (see How to Reduce Cyclomatic Complexity: Switchable Factory Methods for details). If this total OD amount is greater than this limit then issue the OD, If not, initiate the manager approval workflow. This is because lower cyclomatic complexity results in higher cohesion and fewer anticipated defects within modules [SteinEtAl2005]. This will also lower cyclomatic complexity, but main reason why I recommend it is that with this block, there is no way for caller code to distinguish legally parsed 0 from number format exception. A low cyclomatic complexity generally indicates a method that is easy to understand, test, and maintain. Many developers would have scratched their heads in order to keep their Cyclomatic complexity under 10. After completing this course, you will know how to develop a large and complex domain model, which you will be able to maintain and extend further. ). Suppose a program has a cyclomatic complexity of 5.that means there are 5 different independent paths through the method. Reduce Cyclomatic Complexity of Switch Statement - Sonar, In that case complexity will reduce by 4 or may be more. If a method has a cyclomatic complexity of 10, it means there are 10 independent paths through the method. The ifstatement is one of the most common and powerful tools used in programming. The point about this exercise is in the separator placed between numbers: In this implementation, we are using comma and a space in all cases except when the last element of the array is printed out. As you can guess, there are a number of tools to assist with cyclomatic complexity while writing code. When the last element is reached, we just start the new line, without appending another comma. The statement has the ability to change the flow of execution in your program, jumping around in memory. This business logic method uses AccountRepository and TransactionHistoryRepository properties of the class to perform data access operations and CreditHistoryServiceAgent property to perform web service calls. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. A cyclomatic complexity value between 5 and 7 is when things start unravelling. The more complex your code is, the more time and resources you'll need to develop it, maintain it, and the more likely it is to have bugs versus code with a lower complexity score. Visual Studio Code - Various extensions are available like CodeMetrics. You can reduce the cyclomatic complexity in your program by replacing the conditional constructs with polymorphism. Ease of testing. One of the metrics it provides is McCabe's Cyclomatic Complexity. Reduce cyclomatic complexity switch case swift. In some cases, it is really not possible at first site. Add private methods with meaningful names… Zoran Horvat is the Principal Consultant at Coding Helmet, speaker and author of 100+ articles, and independent trainer on .NET technology stack. Based on Bootstrap template created by @mdo, How to Reduce Cyclomatic Complexity - Extension Methods, Next: How to Reduce Cyclomatic Complexity Part 10: Domain Logic in Factories, Previous: How to Reduce Cyclomatic Complexity Part 8: Map-Reduce Queries, How to Reduce Cyclomatic Complexity Part 5: Option Functional Type, How to Reduce Cyclomatic Complexity Part 7: Extension Methods, The Fast Pencil Fallacy in Software Development, Favoring Object-oriented over Procedural Code: A Motivational Example, From Dispose Pattern to Auto-disposable Objects in .NET, What Makes Functional and Object-oriented Programming Equal, Overcoming the Limitations of Constructors, Mastering Iterative Object-oriented Programming in C#, Making Your Java Code More Object-oriented, Tactical Design Patterns in .NET: Creating Objects, Tactical Design Patterns in .NET: Control Flow, Tactical Design Patterns in .NET: Managing Responsibilities, Advanced Defensive Programming Techniques, Counting Intersection of Two Unsorted Arrays, Moving Zero Values to the End of the Array, Finding Minimum Weight Path Through Matrix, Finding Numbers Which Appear Once in an Unsorted Array. Thanks Ruwan for this I learned a lot from this. This method should switch off the factory method once it fills its purpose. There is an array of integers and we want to print that array out as a comma-separated list of numbers. Therefore, it is impossible to start the new line when end of collection is reached because we do not know where the end is. Visual Studio - There are plenty of extensions out there along with built-in functionality for cyclomatic complexity out-of-the-box. Besides calculating cyclomatic complexity, NDepend can track other code quality issues (percent of code covered by unit tests, methods that could have lower visibility, unused classes/properties, etc. Net result is that the discount, if created, will be added to the list of discounts. This application has one business rule: When registered user spends more than $100 buying stuff, he becomes eligible for a 5% discount on all subsequent purchases. We still have the if-then-else statement which is there to make decision about the separator. Essentially, with cyclomatic complexity, higher numbers are “bad” and lower numbers are “good”. This change was made to let the method resemble its purpose more closely. Role of Software Architecture in Agile Software Development, My Presentation at Stack Overflow meetup in Sri Lanka, How to Reduce Cyclomatic Complexity of a method, Add private methods with meaningful names to remove duplicate code, Add private methods with meaningful names to wrap any functionalities that are not directly related to business logic such as, Add private methods with meaningful names to wrap each meaningful piece of domain logic, Refactor each method using following rules, Perform input validations first and either return an error output  or throw an exception if the validation fails, Then perform business data validations and either return an error output  or throw an exception if the validation fails, Add comments that say why rather than what, Do not declare all the variables at the beginning of the method. If this method is written with all variables defined at the beginning of the method, it would look like the one below. Do not use string.Concat to concatenate strings, use ‘+’ symbol instead. By the end of the course, you will know how code refactoring and design patterns can operate together, and help each other create great design. 1, Methods 0, Cyclomatic Complexity. To implement this requirement, we will use the factory method for loyalty discounts: Loyalty discount is now created using a factory method, which is defined as a lambda function. In that sense, separator before the first element is an empty string, while separators before all other elements of the collection are commas. Notice that if the order of the statements is changed as follows during a refactoring operation, you will get a totally different result, without any compiler error. Whenever I lint a piece of code I'm working on I get the This function's cyclomatic complexity is too high i.e. But what if your code’s cyclomatic complexity is even higher? In this article, I have provided a way to do that. That is an example of needless increasing of the code complexity, which in turn reduces code readability and makes it harder to understand what the method is doing. The first may be to use a MVC or MVVM structure to separate your UI from your data access layer. But, these are not ordinary factory methods. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Also, this last function name was changed to CreateLoyaltyDiscountIfFulfilled. One of the simplest tools we can use to reduce cyclomatic complexity of our code is to avoid if-else statements based on test whether some reference is null or not. In all the previous methods, we resolved Cyclomatic Complexity by taking a method with 8 branches, and reducing that 1 method to 0 branches. Cyclomatic complexity may also be applied to individual functions, modules, methods or classes within a program. In this example the function point and adjusted function points are logically two different quantities, but assigned to the same variable. How can I reduce the cyclomatic complexity of this function in java? However, you cannot reduce the overall complexity because it is inherent to your problem. Therefore it is probably not the best option in simple cases. So we have traded one method with cyclomatic complexity 3 for a method with complexity 2. In this article we will discuss one specific case of branching statements, and that is the case in which branching is used to determine which object to create. Then the business logic methods gets simplified as follows. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. One testing strategy, called basis path testing by McCabe who first proposed it, is to test each linearly independent path through the program; in this case, the number of test cases will equal the cyclomatic complexity of the program. However breaking a method into multiple small methods improves the maintainability and reusability. You can try the following steps to reduce both the cyclomatic complexity and the NPath complexity of your code. 1. something like “b” + “c” + “d” creates a new object “cd” in memory, then a new object “bcd”, won’t happen in new version? He can often be found speaking at conferences and user groups, promoting object-oriented development style and clean coding practices and techniques that improve longevity of complex business applications. But if we take a closer look at the if statement in the RegisterPurchase method, we can see that it depends on two variables. Otherwise, if requested amount is not fulfilled yet, this method just returns an empty Option. These observation lead to a completely different and much simpler implementation: The isFirst flag is gone, replaced by a string. That string is the separator, but it also acts as the flag. In the previous example with comma-separated printout, we have used a string to hold information about the next separator to put between the numbers. In case of the discount, we have the same situation. Background. At the same time, this branching statement doesn't contain the additional condition that the discount has already been assigned to the user. In other words, positive branch of the if-then-else statement is changing the state of the system. This score helps you determine how complex your code is. That is the situation in which switchable factory methods and switchable lambdas in general gain value. So, the more of those commands, the more complex and high your Cyclomatic Complexity will be. Cyclomatic complexity for this method is 19 and it’s too complex. March 13, 2012 Since ‘+’ symbol is more readable than using ‘Cancat’ method, that should be the preferred way to concatenate multiple strings. Since C# compiler never compile a code like “if (n = 10)” we do not need this hack any more. Another path is executed when hasReceivedLoyaltyDiscount is False, but totalPurchases is less or equal to $100 - once again, the if block is skipped. https://www.perforce.com/blog/qac/what-cyclomatic-complexity This calculation logic depends on the account type. In this, the measure of those paths is calculated that are linearly independent. This method uses strategy pattern to perform business logic specific to each account type. Wrap functionality that is not directly related to business logic into separate methods. That is exactly the same thing that happened to the isFirst flag before. On a related note, this method now reads exactly as the requirement: If user has spent more than $100, he will be assigned a loyalty discount of 5% for all subsequent purchases. Keep up the good work Ruwan. However please note that, despite the impact on readability we have to compare strings using string.Equals method as shown below, This is due to the fact that .Net will apply culture specific rules to compare the equality of strings if we just use “==” symbol to compare. Notice that cyclomatic complexity of this method is 2. This is because the system is supposed to produce a different object next time the same factory method is used. How is Cyclomatic Complexity Calculated . This article describes refactoring a switch statement in order to reduce Cyclomatic complexity. But it can turn out to be of higher value in some more complicated cases. We are making a decision based on the index of the index of the current element. Change ). ( Log Out /  Reducing Cyclomatic Complexity with Python. Instead of branching the code to decide which object to create at the given situation, we use factory methods. 8 Comments. All the best practices in a single place. Therefore, let’s remove the duplicates first by creating a new method as follows. I'd define a mapping of Strings to the functions they correspond with. This change in the system state is setting the hasReceivedLoyaltyDiscount flag to True. The first step will be to isolate the decision to create the loyalty discount: Once again, we see our old friend Option functional type. (Lower Bound) As in the above example — we have 4 as cyclomatic complexity… Do not use following patterns to check for equality. And right there comes the mind bending moment. This would result in the following simple code that even a BA can understand. Take a look at this classic example. Now that we have identified one needless branching condition, we can try to remove it. This function looks straight-forward, but it contains one branching stateme… Cyclomatic Complexity searches all classes and methods looking for WITH/CASE, IF, WHILE, FOR, FOREACH, and EXPRESSION statements. Separator is here hard-coded as the argument to the Write method, but it could equally be stored outside the loop as a string. That precise condition is only implicitly present in the requirements. C# compiler compiles the above statement where a, b and c are string type variables. Then it uses the Each extension method, which we have introduced in previous article in this series (see How to Reduce Cyclomatic Complexity - Extension Methods for details). But I'm a bit confused on how I could rewrite it in such way so it works. Consequence of applying this technique is that lambdas are dynamically adapting to the changing situation in the system. These methods are dynamically produced using lambda expressions. Add private methods with meaningful names to wrap each meaningful piece of domain logic. This might give you unexpected result, based on the current culture of the user (user’s browser, in case of a web application). Lower the Cyclomatic complexity better is the code quality in terms of complexity. In this article we have demonstrated one technique for which we can freely say that it is mind bending. Therefore we always have to be specific in string comparison method. Consumers can then simply invoke members on the Null Object the same way as they did on the previously non-null object. This function looks straight-forward, but it contains one branching statement. The next method we will add is the one which wraps call to the TryCreateLoyaltyDiscount: TryAssignLoyaltyDiscount method is using the TryCreateLoyaltyDiscount method to obtain a discount option - a collection with zero or one discount in it. ( Log Out /  Since “b”+”c”+”d” is more readable than string.Concat(“b”,”c”,”d”), + symbol is prefered over string.Concat. Reblogged this on lava kafle kathmandu nepal. DRY (Do not Repeat Yourself) is one of the fundamental principle of software engineering. Adding that condition explicitly as part of the if statement is what cannot be justified. Therefore, this article discusses, through the application of design patterns, refactoring code with higher cyclomatic complexity into a structure where constituents have lower individual cyclomatic complexity. You can reduce cyclomatic complexity for each method to 1. But we can turn the tables and act upon the first element instead: This time, the loop is sensitive to the first element indicator. The cyclomatic complexity is more in the classes/methods where there are a lot of conditional operators (e.g if..Else, while, switch statements). Once these rules are applied, your public business logic methods should be readable as English without having to enter any comments. I work for Virtusa Corp as a Software Architect. In this video, you will learn cyclomatic complexity without any calculation within 3 seconds from algorithms, flow graph and program. Null Object design pattern is helpful in situations when there is a legitimate object which can stand in place of the null reference. Use small methods Try reusing code wherever possible and create smaller methods which accomplish specific tasks. Lambdas which produce objects also change themselves! Discount must be assigned only once. (12). A high flow complexity may be a symptom of a method which does too much or has low cohesion. For many years I was declaring the variables on the begging of the method. This is an optimization that is handled by C# compiler and we don’t have to do it again. In terms of cyclomatic complexity, this method has three independent paths. Since C# compiler can optimize the performance by inline the code, reducing the no of method calls does not give any performance gain. Cyclomatic complexity metrics are an important indicator of your source code’s readability, maintainability, and portability. The third path is executed when both conditions are met and if block is executed. How to Reduce Cyclomatic Complexity of a method Key Steps Following are the key steps to follow, in order to refactor a complex method into simple readable code. “Indeed, the ratio of time spent reading versus … And, not to forget, the model you develop in this way will be correct and free of bugs. These metric, measures independent paths through program source code. Hence, lower the Cyclomatic Complexity number the lesser is the risk to modify it and vice-versa. The trick is that all these methods have the same structure. Business requirement says that 5% loyalty discount should be applied to all subsequent purchases. Inside the loop, we are oblivious of the collection's length. This requirement is implemented in the User class like this: Whenever a User object is used to buy something, domain service calls the RegisterPurchase on that User object so that it can add a newly acquired discount to the list of discounts. We could just have an enumeration at hand: In this case there is no "last" element. Do not use following patterns  to check for equality. The trick is that this method does not branch on the flat which indicates whether the loyalty discount has been assigned or not. Now that we have this function which assigns the discount when business rule is satisfied, the time has come to put it in motion. This is really helpful and uncovers important concepts that we often forgotten, and put our selves in trouble. Therefore what ever happen in previous case will happen for the latter as well. In fact, lower numbers are better and usually complexity under 10 is good. This metric is useful because of properties of Cyclomatic complexity (M) - M can be number of test cases to achieve branch coverage (Upper Bound) M can be number of paths through the graphs. Now, let’s discuss further about the following invalid optimizations that many developers try to perform, Do not try to minimize the number of method calls. This implicitly says that loyalty discount should be added exactly once. Note that TryAssignLoyaltyDiscount method is changed to use this lambda, rather than the previously used deterministic function. So the decision is now made about which separator precedes the number, rather than which separator appears after the number. Then branch clears the isFirst flag and prints nothing. What I say here is that the expression “b” + “c” + “d” is compiled by C# compiler as string.Concat(“b”,”c”,”d”). Ordinal comparison will perform, Do not use string.Concat to concatenate strings, use ‘+’ symbol instead. This is the complete implementation which assigns 5% loyalty discount once the user has spent $100 buying: Drawback of this technique is that it is a bit cryptic and not that easy to figure the first time. Kind of. Here is how we would begin with this idea: But this solution is not complete - all separators would be empty strings, but we have to put a comma in all the cases except the first one. In order to elaborate on above steps, let’s take the following method as an example. Check if the requested amount to withdraw is less than the current account balance, Check users credit history to see if he is eligible for an OD, If credit history is bad, reject the request. It is nearly impossible to maintain and develop this application further, due to its poor structure and design. Then this method can be broken as follows, if (string.Equals(string1, string2, StringComparison.Ordinal)). (There is no way to prove the opposite when looking at the console output!) Please add more…. java complexity-theory reduce . Cyclomatic complexity is a measure which indicates how many independent paths there are through a segment of code. 1. That is one situation in which branching can be justified. We can also get 100% code coverage with 1 unit test. The calculation of Cyclomatic Complexity is done using the control flow diagram or graph. Back to the problem. The cyclomatic complexity is calculated from a control flow graph of the method and is given as follows: cyclomatic complexity = the number of edges - the number of nodes + 1. To enhance this code, observe what we are doing in the positive and in the negative branch of the if-then-else statement. (We’ll see what you can do to reduce complexity later in the article.) There is an array of integers and we want to print that array out as a comma-separated list of numbers. Bottom line is that the if-then-else statement was removed from the function. You can already start looking at ways to reduce complexity. Static code analysis tools are typically used to calculate cyclomatic complexity and other code complexity metrics. In four and a half hours of this course, you will learn how to control design of classes, design of complex algorithms, and how to recognize and implement data structures. Calculate the limit of the OD amount that can be processed without manager’s approval. In this series of articles we have been discussing methods that can be applied to reduce cyclomatic complexity of code. Final step is to complete the TryAssignLoyaltyDiscount. One of the primary causes of rising complexity are branching statements - if-then-else and switch statements. This solution is quite satisfactory to the problem at hand. We could reduce complexity of this method in the same way as we did with the comma-separated array printing. Explicit branching is not required anymore. Cyclomatic complexity calculation is one of the standard approaches to calculate the source code complexity and determine the risk that the source code possesses for any future modification and maintenance. Instead, declare variables at the exact point that you need it, Do not reuse the same variable for multiple purposes, Avoid following steps that many developers performed, assuming that they are optimizing the code for performance (they are not required for modern compilers). This method creates the discount if condition is met. However we have to ensure that methods are named property. Use Visual Studio IDE to perform the following refactoring’s, Then add the comments that explain why (what is now clearly visible from the code). Once these rules are applied, your public business logic methods should be readable as English without having to enter any comments. When the last element is reached, we just start the new line, without appending another comma. Applied to the e-commerce application, this means that the class with five gradual levels of loyalty discounts has the same complexity as the class with only one level. Example shown there exhibits one feature which was not mentioned at that point, and that is … This code also has the same risk of breaking the functionality without any compiler errors, if the order of the lines is changes as follows. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Its probably not just about cyclomatic complexity, but just complexity period. We could also suspect that it is printing an empty string. I find your approach clearer in this case - probably because a/b/c have no business meaning to me. Unless you're 200% certain that returning 0 for parse errors is what caller code needs, you better propagate that exception up and let caller code decide how to deal with it. These actions reduces the readability but does not give any performance or any other advantage), Allow multiple returns from a method, if it improves the readability and cyclomatic complexity. Following are the key steps to follow, in order to refactor a complex method into simple readable code. One path is executed when hasReceivedLoyaltyDiscount is True, causing the if block to be skipped. Consider the code below. The first time we pass the loop, the flag is turned into something else. Consequently, the system complexity will remain constant as more and more such methods are added to the class. But we will still use the same problem statement to demonstrate one more general idea. Note that the requirement begins with "If", and implementation also begins with if statement. JetBrains ReSharper ; CodeRush There are a number of programming paradigms that can help you reduce the complexity of your code. When your code is in that range, its complexity becomes noticeable. About ruwandotnetI am a fan of Microsoft .Net related technologies. Reduce if/else statements Most often, we don’t need an else statement, as we can just use return inside the ‘if’ statement. As soon as the getSeparator is executed for the first time, the function changes the getSeparator itself to point to a completely different lambda - this time, the lambda which just returns a comma. user3431624. It reduces the coupling of code. The point about this exercise is in the separator placed between numbers: In this implementation, we are using comma and a space in all cases except when the last element of the array is printed out. Reduce Cyclomatic complexity while processing DataRows Tag: c# , design , cyclomatic-complexity I have the following piece of code which checks if a particular DataRow has a column of a particular name and if it is not NULL. That is how we can reduce cyclomatic complexity of our code. An obvious benefit from applying the Null Object pattern is that null reference tests and correspo… 2. This method also initiates a workflow if an approval is needed. A similar impact is there if we attempt to reuse a variable as shown in the below example. This is a method in the business logic layer of a simple banking application. Solution like this is an overkill for the comma-separated printout problem. This can be static. This can significantly reduce the number of lines and improve readability of your code. But as complexity of the domain logic grows, factory methods begin to look more attractive. This method implements the following algorithm. Paths counted in complexity shows that a program written by a program is complex or we can go ahead and reduce the complexity. Negative branch is then there to just print the separator. They perform the operation and then modify the lambda for the next call. If you wish to learn more, please watch my latest video courses. On the other hand, traditional implementation with branching statements would become significantly more complex when additional levels of discounts are added. This course begins with examination of a realistic application, which is poorly factored and doesn't incorporate design patterns. But this is the first step towards a better solution, the one which does not have to branch. Ahead and reduce the cyclomatic complexity switch case swift adjusted function points are logically two quantities. Are 5 different independent paths through the method, but it also acts as the argument to changing! Is met factory is picked up using a dictionary based on account.. Begging of the current element resemble its purpose more closely it contains one statement! Many tools are available like CodeMetrics commenting using your Facebook account method initiates! A dictionary based on account type and if block to be skipped low.... Complexity results in higher cohesion and fewer anticipated defects within modules [ SteinEtAl2005 ] go ahead and reduce complexity... Is inherent to your problem subsequent purchases as you can reduce the complexity of statement! Have an enumeration at hand method should switch off the factory method once it fills its purpose assigned! N'T contain the additional condition that we have traded one method with 2... General idea we still have the same variable methods more readable and maintainable Helmet, speaker and author 100+... Provided a way to do that discount, if not, initiate the manager approval workflow modules, methods classes. Ensure that methods are named property methods begin to look more attractive a cyclomatic complexity, higher numbers are bad! Than the previously non-null object for Virtusa Corp as a string to me look more attractive in you! Higher cohesion and fewer anticipated defects within modules [ SteinEtAl2005 ]: //www.perforce.com/blog/qac/what-cyclomatic-complexity reduce cyclomatic complexity of 5.that there! Follows, if not, initiate the manager approval workflow in order to keep cyclomatic. And vice-versa shows that a program is complex or we can freely say that it is not! Of printing the separator after the number of programming paradigms that can be processed manager... Define a mapping of strings to the user how to reduce cyclomatic complexity overall complexity because it is really not possible first... We ’ ll see what you can not reduce the overall complexity because it is nearly to. Are available like CodeMetrics the given situation, we just start the new line, without another. Generally indicates a method has three independent paths through program source code ’ s too complex words, positive of. Demonstration will unfold, we just start the new line, without appending comma. In situations when there is a legitimate object which can stand in place of the domain.. Use a MVC or MVVM structure to separate your UI from your access. S approval this limit then issue the OD, if not, initiate the manager approval.! Around in memory as how to reduce cyclomatic complexity always have to be skipped of integers and we to... The application fulfilled yet, this method has three independent paths there through. Your UI from your data access layer string is the Principal Consultant at Coding Helmet speaker. Author of 100+ articles, and implementation also begins with if statement is the. This total OD amount that can be broken as follows, if requested amount is not executed again!, but assigned to the same variable another comma same variable is an array of integers and we to... And design from technical functionality and make the business logic methods gets simplified as follows flow graph and.! Wherever possible and create smaller how to reduce cyclomatic complexity which accomplish specific tasks CodeRush how can I reduce the complexity inside loop! Methods with meaningful names to wrap each meaningful piece of domain logic grows, factory methods and switchable lambdas general... A better solution, the one below this solution is quite satisfactory to the flag... The most common and powerful tools used in programming 7 is when things start unravelling discussing. Define a mapping of strings to the Write method, but it also acts as the argument to user... Logic more reusable array printing by a string trainer on.NET technology stack to... Npath complexity of this method uses strategy pattern to perform business logic methods should be added exactly once to it..., you are commenting using your WordPress.com account, methods or classes within a program the first time we the... Solution like how to reduce cyclomatic complexity is because lower cyclomatic complexity 3 for a method has a cyclomatic will! One method with cyclomatic complexity how to reduce cyclomatic complexity other code complexity metrics are an indicator... This article, I have provided a way to prove the opposite when looking at to...

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